The nurse is caring for a patient with a fractured sacrum. Which of the following might this patient experience because of the fracture?
1. altered sympathetic responses
2. alteration in pain responses
3. alteration in position sense
4. altered parasympathetic responses
4
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system originates in a group of neurons located in the brainstem and in a group located between the second and fourth sacral segments of the cord. The patient with a fractured sacrum could experience alterations in the parasympathetic responses. The sympathetic nervous system is located in the gray matter of the first thoracic through the second lumbar section of the cord. The patient does not have an injury to this region. Alteration in pain responses would be seen with damage to the spinothalamic tracts. Alteration in position sense would be seen with damage to the posterior column tracts.
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