The client has severe respiratory impairment. Which alterations in acid-base balance could be expected as a compensatory response?
A. Decreased arterial blood pH
B. Increased arterial blood bicarbonate
C. Increased arterial blood oxygen
D. Decreased arterial blood carbon dioxide
B
Because kidneys regulate pH by controlling bicarbonate concentration and the lungs regulate pH by controlling carbon dioxide loss, a loss of one function can be at least partially compensated by the other function. When pulmonary function is decreased, so that adequate amounts of carbon dioxide are not excreted, the pH rises, stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb more bicarbonate to balance the increased acid production.
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The nurse is providing care to a client who has a short arm cast. Which areas does the nurse assess to determine if irritation is occurring?
Select all that apply. 1. Radial styloid process 2. Ulnar styloid process 3. Joint at base of thumb 4. Olecranon 5. Lateral epicondyle
The nurse caring for a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) will include which intervention in the plan of care?
a. Perform all care at one time to allow more time to rest. b. Keep the patient as flat as possible to pre-vent venous pooling. c. Encourage eating large meals at regular times. d. Alternate rest with activity.
What is the physiologic consequences of CO2 narcosis?
A. Excessive sleepiness in the client with hypercarbia B. Failure of rising blood levels of CO2 to trigger more rapid and deeper respirations C. A change in the ventilation-perfusion ratio, in which ventilation exceeds perfusion D. Increase in the percentage of oxygen delivered to the client does not result in an increased PaO2
During the otoscopic exam, how should the nurse hold the adult patient's ear?
A) Pull the helix up and back B) Pull the lobule down and forward C) Pull the lobule down and back D) Pull the helix up and forward