DG0 vs. DG
What will be an ideal response?
•DG0 calculated under 'ideal' conditions.
•DG takes into account the actual concentrations of reactants and products.
•For reaction A + B à C + D:
DG = DG0 + 2.3 RT log([C][D]/[A][B])
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How do corals react when water temperatures are too high?
A. They migrate to areas with lower water temperatures. B. They slow down their shell-building processes. C. They expel their symbiotic algae. D. They reproduce in large numbers. E. They produce more pigment.
Pili may do all of the following EXCEPT
a. help cells attach to surfaces. b. function in reproduction. c. extend from the cell surface. d. be transferred between cells. e. function in cell locomotion
DNA sequencing data suggest that evolutionary changes are related to an accumulation of:
a. changes in DNA nucleotide sequences. b. homologous structures. c. index fossils. d. vestigial organs. e. convergent structures.
Which statement best describes the role of the E. coli RNA polymerase sigma factor?
a. Sigma factor allows assembly of RNA polymerase. b. Sigma factor is responsible for catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds during RNA polymerization. c. Sigma factor shuttles cytoplasmic RNA polymerase to promoter sequences. d. Sigma factor increases the affinity of RNA polymerase for promoter sequences. e. Sigma factor actively removes core enzyme from DNA and attaches it to a promoter.