For early psychologists, such as Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and Edward Thorndike, which type of learning was a fairly mechanical process of "stamping in"
connections between objective stimuli and objective responses with no subjective "thinking" believed to be required?
a. associative learning
b. insight learning
c. cognitive learning
d. vicarious learning
ANSWER: a
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a. stimulus b. gestural c. verbal d. modeling
Compare and contrast cross-sectional designs and longitudinal designs.
What will be an ideal response?
Good quality child care
A) cannot compensate for the negative effects of a stressed, poverty-stricken home life. B) can reduce the negative impact of a stressed, poverty-stricken home life. C) is more readily available in the United States than in most European countries. D) is primarily available to low-SES families with young children.
Highly aggressive children tend to
A) be only children. B) seek out deviant peer groups. C) do as well in school as their nonaggressive peers. D) be accepted by peers, but rejected by adults.