A pigeon must circle continuously for an average of 10 seconds in order to earn access to food. This is an example of a _____ schedule
A) ?variable time
B) ?variable interval
C) ?variable ratio
D) ?variable duration
D
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Exploration of identity involves
a. active questioning and searching. b. consideration of a minimal number of alternative selves. c. automatic acceptance of the values held by others. d. putting down one's egocentric views.
A researcher was interested in the effects of mood on aggression. She decided to see how receiving an insult or a compliment affects aggression, and she measured aggression by having participants administer small shocks to another participant. The researcher found that participants in the insult condition were more aggressive than those in the compliment condition. One of her colleagues reads
about this research and voices concern that people in the insult condition may have been more naturally aggressive than people in the compliment condition, causing the differences observed by the researcher. This concern about pre-existing differences between participants in the two conditions would only be valid if participants were not a. a representative sample of the population. b. randomly assigned to the condition. c. randomly selected from the population. d. informed that they were involved in a correlational study.
Problem-focused coping refers to
a. controlling emotions associated with a stressor. b. changing something about the source of stress. c. controlling the emotions of others involved. d. changing stages of development.
Why do family systems theorists stress the importance of looking at the whole family as opposed to one individual's difficulties?
What will be an ideal response?