Suppose current government spending decreases and that individuals expect future government spending to decrease. Given this information, in which of the following cases will output in the current period be more likely to increase?
A) Individuals consider only the short run effects of changes in future macro variables when forming expectations of future output and future interest rates.
B) Individuals consider only the medium run effects of changes in future macro variables when forming expectations of future output and future interest rates.
C) Individuals consider only the long run effects of changes in future macro variables when forming expectations of future output and future interest rates.
D) The output effects will be the same in B and C.
C
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Starting from long-run equilibrium, a war that raises government purchases results in ________ output in the short run and ________ output in the long run.
A. lower; potential B. higher; potential C. higher; higher D. lower; higher
Mercantilism held that
A) silver alone was the mainstay of national wealth. B) gold alone was the mainstay of national wealth. C) silver and gold were the mainstays of national wealth. D) silver and gold are not important for national wealth of a country. E) labor forces were the mainstay of national wealth.
A tax cut that raises the after-tax wage rate will most likely result in more hours worked if
A) tax rates were low already. B) the relevant portion of the labor supply curve is upward sloping. C) the relevant portion of the labor supply curve is downward sloping. D) workers can be easily fooled.
Professor Cowen suggests that, in practice, fiscal policy is not ideal because:
A. voters typically expect the federal government to balance its budget even during a recession. B. elected officials have an incentive to raise taxes even when the appropriate fiscal policy response is to cut taxes. C. the federal government continually has budget deficits rather than having surpluses when the economy is healthy. D. political infighting makes it unlikely that Congress will ever approve a budget, let alone approve fiscal policy actions.