The fate of the mannose-6-phosphate receptors that bind and take up lysosomal hydrolases into lysosomal transport vesicles is that they
a. are transported to lysosomes and hold the lysosomal hydrolases there.
b. are transported to lysosomes and degraded there.
c. release the lysosomal hydrolases in the late endosomes and are recycled in vesicles back to the Golgi.
d. are degraded in late endosomes, allowing the release of the lysosomal hydrolases.
Ans: c. release the lysosomal hydrolases in the late endosomes and are recycled in vesicles back to the Golgi.
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One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics. Which friend is right?
A. Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same. B. Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades, which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. C. Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. D. Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies.
Nurse cells surround Drosophila oocytes and produce maternal mRNA and proteins that are deposited into the egg. Which of the following products would be produced by nurse cells?
A) bicoid mRNA B) Antp mRNA C) Caudal protein D) Hedgehog protein
Entry of mineral ions into the xylem is regulated by cells of the cortex.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Where does pyruvate oxidation occur in eukaryotic cells?
A. in the Golgi body B. in the mitochondria C. in the plasma membrane D. in the nucleus E. in the cytoplasm