In the tumbaga pendant depicting a ruler, birds unfold like wings on either side of his head, representing:

A. the belief that rulers could fly.
B. this ruler's identification with caged birds.
C. spirit alter egos that give access to the other world.
D. conflicts in the Tairona culture that eventually led to its ruin.
E. religious ecstasy achieved through the use of a hallucinogen.


C
Fashioned of gold and copper alloy, called tumbaga, this pendant was made by an artist of the Tairona culture, which flourished in northern Colombia.

Art & Culture

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