New punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime are called:
A. incarcerations.
B. intermediate sanctions.
C. terminal endorsements.
D. forcible closures.
Answer: B
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A label may be acquired in three ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these ways?
a. voluntary engagement in self-labeling b. through social control c. informally d. formally
All of the following occupations encourage heavy problem drinking except:
a. negotiators such as sales managers and purchasing agents b. restaurant employees c. doctors d. merchant sailors
Which of the following is a characteristic of the impact of Jim Crow laws?
A. Northern legislators became a majority in the political system. B. Voting rights changed to be more inclusive. C. African Americans were effectively denied even a basic education. D. African Americans were trapped in the rural South.
Identify a true statement about the anxious/ambivalent infant.
A. The infant experiences the mother as somewhat cold, rejecting, and nonresponsive. B. The infant has a mother who is inconsistent in her care. C. The infant is detached from the mother and shows little preference for her over a stranger. D. The infant has a mother who is sensitive and responsive to his or her needs.