__________ moves food down the esophagus and through a(n) __________ (a ring of muscle that can close off an
opening) into the stomach. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
ANSWER: Peristalsis; sphincter
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Colonization of the body is inhibited by
A. the shedding of skin cells. B. the movement of mucus by cilia. C. peristalsis. D. the flushing action of the urinary tract. E. All of the choices are correct.
One surprise from comparative genome projects is that
A) all species examined so far have the same genes. B) we do not know the function of a great many genes. C) small organisms can have large genomes. D) large organisms can have small genomes.
Why is ubiquitin nicknamed the "doom tag"?
a. When ubiquitin binds to a target protein, the ubiquitin enzyme degrades the protein and destroys it. b. When ubiquitin binds to a target protein, the complex is sent to the proteasome and the complex is hydrolyzed to amino acids. c. If a cell is deficient in ubiquitin, the cell will die. d. High levels of ubiquitin in a cell cause the cell to destroy vital proteins, leading to premature cell death. e. Ubiquitin catalyzes the conversion of pepsinogen to active pepsin, an enzyme vital to protein digestion in the stomach of mammals. A lack of ubiquitin in the stomach causes an organism to starve.
Boiling an object for a few minutes will make it slightly sterile.
a. true b. false