The general structural and functional differences between a nerve and smooth muscle cell within an individual are a result of
A. the relative amounts of certain proteins between muscle and nerve cells.
B. the proteome (proteins in a cell) that differ between muscle and nerve cells.
C. the proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins that differ between muscle and nerve cells.
D. the genome (DNA in a cell) being different between muscle and nerve cells.
E. the genome and the relative amounts of certain proteins that differ between muscle and nerve cells.
Answer: C
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Successive nucleotides of a DNA chain are joined by:
A. phosphodiester bonds between the 5' carbon of one nucleotide and the 2' carbon of the next. B. glycosidic bonds between the 5' carbon of one nucleotide and the 3' carbon of the next. C. hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases. D. ionic bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar group of the next. E. phosphodiester bonds between the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and the 5' carbon of the next.
A chemical reaction that has a positive ?G is correctly described as
A. endergonic. B. endothermic. C. enthalpic. D. spontaneous E. exothermic.
Which of the following are reasons why Koch's postulates are not universally applicable?
a. Many human disease lack suitable animal model b. Not all pathogens have genes that confer pathogenicity c. Viruses have a very narrow host range d. Many human infections are polymicrobial
Which of the following is true for the mechanism of the 2Na+/glucose symporter?
A) Binding of 2 Na+ to the symporter open to the outside of the cell allows a glucose molecule outside the cell to bind. B) Binding of Na+ and glucose causes the symporter to open to the inside of the cell. C) Release of 2 Na+ ions to the inside of the cells causes release of the glucose molecule. D) Binding of 2 Na+ to the symporter on the inside of the cell causes the symporter to open to the outside of the cell and release of the Na+ ions. E) All of the above are steps in the mechanism.