Which major neonatal complication is carefully monitored after the birth of the infant of a diabetic mother?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hypobilirubinemia
d. Hypoinsulinemia
A
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A The neonate is at highest risk for hypoglycemia because fetal insulin production
is accelerated during pregnancy to metabolize excessive glucose from the
mother. At birth, the maternal glucose supply stops and the neonatal insulin
exceeds the available glucose, leading to hypoglycemia.
B Hypocalcemia is associated with preterm birth, birth trauma, and asphyxia, all
common problems of the infant of a diabetic mother.
C Excess erythrocytes are broken down after birth, releasing large amounts of
bilirubin into the neonate's circulation, which results in hyperbilirubinemia.
D Because fetal insulin production is accelerated during pregnancy, the neonate
shows hyperinsulinemia.
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