Frameshift mutations may involve
a. substitution of nucleotides.
b. substitution of codons.
c. substitution of amino acids.
d. insertion of one to several base pairs.
e. all of these
D
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Lipid rafts have been associated with which of the following?
A) responses to extracellular signals B) transport of nutrients across cell membranes C) immune responses D) transport of cholera toxin into cells E) all of the above
Botox is a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. When ingested with tainted food, botox can cause distress by paralyzing the intestines, and, in high doses, can kill by paralyzing muscles needed for breathing and heartbeating. Why would botox be an adaptation for Clostridium botulinum?
A. Botox allows the bacteria to gain more oxygen. B. Botox prevents other bacteria from entering the gut. C. Botox prevents antibiotics from entering the gut. D. Botox allows the bacteria to gain more food. E. Botox prevents the intestines from removing the bacteria.
Consider a human somatic cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Which statement is false?
A: The cell will have 92 chromosomes. B: The cell will have 92 chromatids. C: The cell will have 92 DNA molecules in the nucleus. D: The cell will be diploid. E: All are true statements.
Which of the following methods do fungi use in order to penetrate the initial layer of a plant's defenses?
A. entry through stomates B. mechanical bridging C. sharp mouthparts D. secretion of phospholipids to dissolve the cuticle