The patient, newly diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, asks what caused this disorder. What is the nurse's best response?
A) Inability of cells in the eye to reproduce
B) Increase of aqueous humor in the eye
C) Decrease of nerve innervations throughout the eye
D) Oxygen cannot diffuse rapidly across the membrane to tissues in the eye
D
Feedback:
The body's inability to effectively cope with carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism over a long period of time results in a thickening of the basement membrane in large and small blood vessels. This thickening leads to changes in oxygenation of the lining of the vessels causing damage and narrowing of the vessels. The decreased blood flow through the vessels results in the inability of oxygen to rapidly diffuse across the membrane to the tissues of the eye. The tiny vessels of the eye are narrowed and closed, which causes loss of vision. Increase of aqueous humor is seen in glaucoma. Inability of cell replication and decrease in nerve innervations throughout the eye is not associated with retinopathy.
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Which needle position is best for an intradermal injection?
a. Bevel side to the right b. Bevel side to the left c. Bevel side down d. Bevel side up
The client is in stage 2 of general anesthesia. What is the priority nursing intervention?
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