Define then compare and contrast formative and summative evaluation. Discuss the ways in which it is utilized in human services.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Formative—conducted during actual operations, uses data collected during the program cycle; Provides information during implementation to help determine the effectiveness of the program at any point; focuses on process objectives; enables manager to determine whether modifications should be made to program operations even before the program has completed its first year.
Summative—carried out at either the end of a program cycle or component or at the conclusion of a program and uses data gathered through the end of that cycle; provides an assessment of program accomplishments (the relative success and failure of the program); focus on outcome objectives.
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