According to the classical school, which of the following is NOT an element of effective punishment?

a. severity
b. fairness
c. certainty
d. swiftness


b. fairness

Criminal Justice

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A criminal act of commission (or omission) is referred to as ___________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

Which of the following types of burglars are the least skilled thieves?

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

Identify a true statement about straight probation.

A. With straight probation, the judge divides a single sentence into a relatively short jail term followed by probation supervision. B. Straight probation involves placement of a probationer in a structured but generally open living environment, such as a halfway house. C. Straight probation occurs when an offender is sentenced only to probation, with no incarceration or other form of residential placement. D. In straight probation, the judge pronounces a jail or prison sentence but suspends the sentence on the condition that the offender performs well on probation.

Criminal Justice

Which of the following best describes intimate partner violence (IPV)?

a. It refers to any rape or sexual assault, or aggravated or simple assault committed by someone in a powerful position such as a government official b. It refers to any rape or sexual assault, or aggravated or simple assault committed by someone of a high social economic class c. It refers to any rape or sexual assault, or aggravated or simple assault committed by someone such as a spouse or partner d. It refers to any rape or sexual assault, or aggravated or simple assault committed by someone on probation or parole

Criminal Justice