Discuss the development of a fever and its benefit. Include the following in your answer : macrophage, prostaglandins, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, antigen, and pyrogen
What will be an ideal response?
Chemicals that promote the development of a fever are called pyrogens. Engulfing an antigen can cause a macrophage to release interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, which function as pyrogens. In the hypothalamus, pyrogens cause the release of prostaglandins, which in turn cause the body's thermostat to be re-set at a higher temperature. This causes a rise in body temperature, which can enhance phagocytosis and inflammatory activities, and possibly interfere with bacterial reproduction by increasing bacterial needs for iron.
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Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A. Its spaces hold red bone marrow. B. It is located deep to compact bone. C. It forms diploe in the cranial bones. D. It is composed of tubular units called osteons. E. It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes
A) pancreatic fluid rich in enzymes. B) bile. C) proteinases. D) pancreatic fluid rich in bicarbonate. E) All of the answers are correct.
What units are the membrane potentials measured in?
a. amperes b. milliamps c. Teslas d. volts e. millivolts
Acid-base balance exists when
A) there is a balance between the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the kidneys. B) the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss. C) protein intake equals protein excretion. D) the net gain in sodium ions equals its net loss. E) the production of hydrogen ions is equal to their loss.