4. In a classic experiment on cognitive dissonance, students did some boring, repetitive tasks and then had to tell another student, who was waiting to participate in the study, that the work was interesting and fun (Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959)
Half the students were offered $20 for telling this lie and the others only $1. Based on what you have learned about cognitive dissonance reduction, which students do you think decided later that the tasks had been fun after all? Why?
What will be an ideal response?
The students who got only $1 were more likely to say that the task had been fun. They were in a state of dissonance because "The task was as dull as dishwater" is dissonant with "I said I enjoyed it—and for a mere dollar, at that." Those who got $20 could rationalize that the large sum (which really was large in the 1950s) justified the lie.
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____ approaches are designed to reduce tension and conflict, lead to shared problem solving, and result in greater closeness. These approaches value and nurture interpersonal relationships and facilitate personal and relational growth
a. Attribution c. Low drama b. Negative reciprocity d. High drama
Remembering a friend's description of a recent cross-country skiing trip by associating the things she describes with a film you have seen on the subject is ______ rehearsal
a. rote c. retrograde b. narrative d. elaborative
Data can be eliminated from an experiment if
A) responses to certain levels of the independent fail to support your hypothesis. B) responses fail to meet criteria established prior to the experiment. C) participants seem uncooperative. D) data should never be eliminated
) Research was done in which participants were either told they could help a researcher with her research, they were more or less obligated to help a researcher with her research, or not given the opportunity to help. Results found that
A) participants who were obligated to help had more positive outcomes. B) participants who were obligated to help had a drop in self-esteem. C) participants who were able to volunteer their help had a decrease in self-esteem. D) participants who were obligated to help had a boost in self-esteem. E) anyone who was able to help benefited by having slightly higher self-esteem as a result.