The relationship between mean annual precipitation (MAP) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is ANPP = 0.50 × (MAP) + (70 ) in mm MAP and (g/m2/yr) for ANPP in grassland systems
If precipitation is currently 1000 mm and MAP increases by 25 percent, then ANPP will be approximately A) 570.
B) 625.
C) 695.
D) 713.
C
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A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct
impact on an organism’s biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery.
In a natural system, honeybees as well as the flowers they feed on and pollinate would be considered a(n)
a. ecosystem. b. population. c. community. d. organ system.
Mycorrhizae
a. benefit plant growth. b. are an example of mutualism. c. receives sugars from its plant partner. d. increase the surface area for absorption. e. are described by all of these
A benefit of global warming includes
a. farming in areas that were too cold in the past. b. more open shipping channels in the Arctic. c. commercial fishing in the Arctic ocean. d. milder winters in regions far to the north. e. all of these.
Ackermann et al. (2003) investigated senescence in bacteria. What do the following results demonstrate and why are they surprising given evolutionary theory on aging?
a. Bacteria do not senesce. Every organism should show trade-offs between fitness and longevity. b. Bacteria do not senesce. Extrinsic mortality is not constant throughout the life of a bacterial cell. c. Bacteria do senesce. Pleiotropy is the rare exception in simple bacterial genomes. d. Bacteria do senesce. Cell propagation and reproduction are the same in bacteria.