According to Skinner, most operant conditioning applications involve:
a. both punishment and positive reinforcement.
b. extinction.
c. positive reinforcement.
d. both positive and negative reinforcement.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: According to Skinner, most operant-conditioning applications involve positive reinforcement rather than punishment. Also, negative reinforcement does not always work, whereas positive reinforcement is more consistently effective.
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Marriage has been linked to physical health benefits as well as psychological well-being. For men, the difference seems rooted in ____
a. being married versus not being married b. being happily versus unhappily married c. a favorable versus unfavorable genetic background d. relationship-enhancing versus distress-maintaining attributional styles
According to formulas for heritability coefficient and environmental influences, the sum of heritability (H), shared environmental influences (SE), and nonshared environmental influences (NSE) should equal ____ when calculations are correct
a. -1.00 b. 0.00 c. +1.00 d. 100.00
Which of the following does NOT fit with the other three?
a. Wundt b. 1879 c. functionalism d. introspection
According to Damon, the third stage of building friendship for middle-school age children is
a) basing friendship on intelligence. b) basing friendship on others' behavior. c) basing friendship on trust. d) basing friendship on psychological closeness.