According to the textbook, aerobic exercise has been found to
a. increase overall muscle mass.
b. reduce the heart's response to mental stress.
c. reduce susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
d. reduce the risk of major depression and anxiety attacks.
e. reduce the incidence of senile dementia.
b. reduce the heart's response to mental stress.
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Using the example from the text about the supermarket fliers, when we calculate the probability that a flier will be left either among the canned goods or in the bottom of the shopping cart, we need to invoke
a. the additive rule. b. the superlative rule. c. the dependence rule. d. the multiplicative rule.
In one of his experiments, Skinner put several pigeons in Skinner boxes, set the food dispenser to deliver food every 15 seconds, and left the birds to their own devices. Later, he returned and found the birds engaging in odd, idiosyncratic behaviours, such as pecking aimlessly in a corner or turning in circles. Skinner referred to these behaviours as:
A) inadvertent. B) nonsensical. C) unexplainable. D) superstitious.
At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to
A) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements. B) determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior. C) listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness. D) carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine his or her character traits.
One reason for the discouraging research results about the effectiveness of middle schools may be that
A) the middle school philosophy was based on unfounded assumptions about adolescent development. B) students in middle schools are unmotivated to learn and do well on standardized exams. C) the middle school philosophy may not have been fully implemented in many schools. D) many school districts returned to traditional school configurations before middle schools had time to become effective.