What is "reciprocal" about reciprocal determinism?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Unidirectional influences move in one direction only; one event causes another event.
- Reciprocal influences are bidirectional; one thing influences another thing, but the second thing also influences the first thing.
- In the case of reciprocal determinism, personality characteristics influence the environments we seek and the behaviors we enact, but the behaviors we enact and the environments we find ourselves in also influence the development of our personalities.
- Similarly, environments influence the behaviors that are enacted in those environments, just as our behaviors shape the environments in which they take place.
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Cross-cultural researchers have criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral development for:
a) harboring cultural biases. b) basing his theory on Piaget's model of cognitive development. c) restricting his studies to children. d) misinterpreting certain cultural values.
Your text mentions a young woman who headed home before finishing a college tour after noticing a student who was wearing unfashionable shoes. This woman was using the representativeness heuristic by assuming that
a. a sample represented the larger population. b. easily recalled examples represented more prevalent categories. c. more people agreed with her than actually did. d. her point of view was unique. e. her initial hypothesis was correct despite evidence against it.
Because Thomas is highly generative, he is also likely to
A) use authoritarian parenting. B) be open-minded about differing viewpoints. C) experience anxiety and depression. D) work mostly for financial rewards.
What percentage of children remain obese/overweight in adulthood?
A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 80%