Define delirium, and compare and contrast it with neurocognitive disorder.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Delirium is a short-term state of mental confusion. Like neurocognitive disorder, it often involves problems in memory and language. Delirium often involves difficulty in focusing attention. Delirium, however, is a shorter term, fluctuating state, as opposed to the more stable, longer term neurocognitive disorders. While delirium is rare in community samples, as are the neurocognitive disorders, delirium may be seen in a majority of general hospital and, especially, intensive care populations.
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the characteristics, prevalence, and causes of delirium
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
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What do neuroimaging techniques show when comparing the effects of medication on anxiety with the effects of psychotherapy?
a. Medication appears to normalize anxiety circuits in the brain, whereas psychotherapy has little if any effect. b. Psychotherapy appears to normalize anxiety circuits in the brain, and medication has little if any effect. c. Psychotherapies produce neurobiological changes similar to those seen with medications. d. Neither medications nor psychotherapies appear to have much effect on anxiety circuits in the brain.
A strong immune response is characterized by:
a. strong organs that are healthy, such as the spleen. b. younger humans with less contact with varying illnesses. c. a low number of T cells d. great differentiation and proliferation.
A group of mental disorders that are characterized by real, multiple, and involuntary physical symptoms that have no known physical causes are called:
a. anxiety disorders c. somatoform disorders b. conversion disorders d. dissociative disorders
Which of the following is the most effective stress-management strategy?
a) a combination of emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping b) problem-focused coping c) emotion-focused coping d) neuroimmunological coping