Why are bacteria able to evolve so quickly?
What will be an ideal response?
Binary fission is a rapid process. Some bacteria have the ability to divide via binary fission every 20 minutes. This rapid rate of division allows for mutations to occur much more quickly than cells dividing more slowly.
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Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold conducted pioneering experiments in which they transplanted the dorsal lip of the blastopore in an early gastrula newt to the ventral side of another early gastrula newt. What was the outcome of this experiment?
A. Discovery of Spemann's organizer. B. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. C. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. D. Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. E. All of the choices are correct.
Traits that are controlled by more than one gene are called
a. codominant. b. pleiotropic. c. polygenic. d. penetrant. e. independent
DNA replication is called ________ because the newly replicated DNA consists of a parental strand (from the original DNA) and a newly synthesized daughter strand
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
You treat some cells with a proteolytic enzyme that is too large to penetrate the cell membrane (Set 1). Another group of cells is made permeable to the enzyme before treatment with the enzyme (Set 2). A third set of cells was NOT treated with the enzyme at all (controls). Proteins are then extracted from the three different sets of cells and applied to an SDS-PAGE gel. Protein W migrates to the same distance on a gel of proteins from Set 1 and Set 2; Protein W migrates a shorter distance on gels of proteins extracted from the control group than on gels of proteins extracted from Set 1 and Set 2 treated cells. Protein X migrates to the same distance on a gel of proteins from control cells and the gels of the proteins from Set 1 and Set 2. Protein Y migrates a longer distance when
extracted from Set 1 cells than does protein Y in the controls; Protein Y moves an even larger distance in the gel of the extracts from Set 2. Protein Z migrates the same distance on gels of proteins from the controls and the proteins extracted from Set 1, but it migrates a longer distance in extracts from Set 2 cells. Which protein is exposed only on the exterior of the cell? a) protein X b) protein Z c) protein Y d) protein W