What does Pinsoff mean by “problem-maintenance structure?”
A. The cognitive structure that each client brings to every session
B. The client’s reluctance to change
C. The set of factors—including personal, social, organizational, community, and political factors—that keeps clients from identifying, exploring, and doing something about their problem situations and unused opportunities
D. The set of factors—including historical, genetic, and unconscious factors—that keeps clients from identifying, exploring, and doing something about their problems and unused opportunities
ANS: C
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Some counselors and theorists view Rogers’s nondirective, client-centered theoretical approach to counseling as:
A. limited B. unethical C. corrupt D. damaging to the client
Which of the following is true concerning the academic performance of those with ADHD?
a. They show significantly lower academic achievement and school performance than their typically developing peers, but this difference disappears when intelligence and socioeconomic background are accounted for. b. They show significantly lower academic achievement and school performance than their typically developing peers, even when intelligence and socioeconomic background are accounted for. c. Children with combined presentation are most at risk for negative outcomes such as repeating a grade or not completing high school. d. Low academic performance of those with ADHD seems to be only found for boys; girls seem to be relatively protected from these effects.
Most traditional theories of counseling tend to accept without question:
a. the autonomous, self-preoccupied individual as being the primary psychological entity in assessment and treatment. b. Eastern assumptions regarding the nature of reality. c. a communal view of mental health and pathology. d. the implications of cultural pluralism.
Which of the following is/are important for social workers to know about juvenile female offenders?
a. Research shows that the first step along females’ pathway to offending is violent victimization. b. Girls receive lighter sentences than boys for committing the same offense. c. Girls are more afraid when in correctional facilities, so they need additional services. d. They are more likely than male offenders to come from broken homes.