After collecting data the nurse determines that a patient is experiencing cluster headaches. What information did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)
a. Throbbing and excruciating pain
b. Bright sunlight causes severe eye pain
c. Sudden onset at the same time during the night
d. Pain that affects one side of the nose, eye and forehead
e. The eye on the side of the headache is bloodshot and tearing
ANS: A, C, D, E
Manifestations of cluster headaches include throbbing and excruciating pain, sudden onset typically at the same time of night, pain that is be unilateral, affecting the nose, eye, and forehead, and a bloodshot, teary appearance of the affected eye. B. Photophobia is not a manifestation of cluster headaches.
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