For effective advocacy in interest group litigation, __________ is essential
a. the strategic voting model
b. expertise
c. dissenting opinions
d. judicial restraint
b
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What is true of members of Congress today?
A) They are more attentive to accountability than members in the past. B) They have more information about their constituencies than members in the past. C) They want reelection. D) All of the above E) None of the above
In the 2012 presidential elections, Barack Obama:
A) carried the female vote by 55 to 44 percentage points. B) carried the male vote by 55 to 44 percentage points. C) won the male vote by a 52 to 45 point margin. D) lost the female vote by a 40 to 52 point margin. E) won the female vote by a 52 to 45 point margin.
Those who gained jobs under the spoils system were often expected to contribute ______ to the party machine.
a. volunteer time b. votes c. a percentage of their salaries d. more jobs
Third-party presidential candidates can receive retroactive public financing for their campaigns if
A. they receive at least 1 percent of the vote. B. they receive at least 5 percent of the vote. C. they have kept detailed records of their expenditures. D. they are on the ballot in at least 20 states. E. they are on the ballot in at least 30 states.