A sample of respondents was asked their opinions of bilingual education and affirmative action. The responses are given in the following cross-tabulation:

Question

Affirmative Action Favor Oppose Total
Favor 56 33 89
Oppose 25 97 122
Total 81 130 211
Bilingual Education
a. Why is there no independent variable?
b. Compute total percents for the cross-tabulation.
c. What percent of the sample favors affirmative action?
d. What percent of the sample favors bilingual education?
e. What percent of the sample favors both affirmative action and bilingual
education?
f. What percent of the sample opposes them both?
g. What percent of the sample opposes one but not the other?
h. What can be concluded about the relationship between the variables?

What would be an ideal response?

Answer 1

a. Because opinion on one subject does not cause opinion on the other.
b.
Affirmative Action Favor Oppose Total
Favor 56 33 89
26.5% 15.6% 42.2%
Oppose 25 97 122
11.8% 46.0% 57.8%
Total 81 130 211
38.4% 61.6% 100.0%
Bilingual Education
c. 42.2%
d. 38.4%
e. 26.5%
f. 46.0%
g. 27.5%
h. People who favor bilingual education tend to also favor affirmative action and
people who oppose bilingual education also tend to oppose affirmative action.