We often think of a person's behavior as abnormal with no thought or definition of what "abnormality" means. Describe the three criteria used to determine whether a particular behavior is abnormal or not
What will be an ideal response?
The three criteria commonly used to make judgments about abnormal behavior are deviance, maladaptive behavior, and personal distress:
1 . Deviancerefers to behavior that deviates from what society considers to be acceptable. What constitutes normality varies from one culture to another, but all cultures have cultural norms.
2 . Maladaptive behavior that impairs the individual's everyday adaptive behavior.
3 . Personal distressrefers to behavior that creates a subjective report of personal discomfort or distress by the individual.
People can be considered disordered when one, two, or all of the criteria are met, but diagnosis of psychological disorders involves value judgments about what represents normal or abnormal behavior.
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Researchers have found that young children usually distribute rewards and goods equally to all in a group. From 6 to 13 years of age, there is an increasing tendency to consider whether a person __________.
A. has destroyed goods and does not deserve a reward B. has worked harder than others and thus merits a bigger reward C. is older than them and therefore deserves a bigger share D. is younger than them and therefore deserves a smaller share
Which of the following is more likely to be seen in a Vygotskian, than a Piagetian, classroom?
A) activities to foster peer collaboration B) acceptance of individual differences C) opportunities for active participation D) experiences to promote independent exploration
Facial feedback is defined as ________
a. the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. b. a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules. c. the emotional reaction of other people to our facial expressions. d. a set of social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions.
What does it mean to think critically?
a. Be critical of any idea with which you don't agree; be true to yourself. b. Look for the 10% of an idea that won't work for you rather than the 90% that will. c. Don't take things at face value; seek evidence. d. Criticize people with whom you don't agree; be assertive.