Describe the mutualistic relationship between chemolithotrophic bacteria and tube worms in hydrothermal vents
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The tube worm has a special form of hemoglobin that binds to both hydrogen sulfide and oxygen. The symbiotic bacteria in the trophosome of the tube worm oxidizes the hydrogen sulfide with the oxygen to generate energy. The energy from sulfide oxidation is then used to fix carbon dioxide, and the organic carbon is secreted to provide a food source for the tube worm. In addition, the tube worm has high CO2 content in its blood, which serves as a carbon source for the bacteria to fix. This allows the large tube worms to grow on the primary production of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria with no dependence on sunlight or photosynthesis for primary production.
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What factor(s) were responsible for the drastic decline of American chestnut trees in the first half of the twentieth century? Select all that apply.
_____ a fungal pathogen _____ the introduction of an invasive species _____ a water mold protist _____ chestnut blight _____ a wood-boring beetle
Unlike plants, fungi, and bacteria, animal cells cannot resist volume increases in hypotonic environments. This is
because unlike those other organisms, animal cells ____.
a. do not have central vacuoles b. do not have cell walls c. do not have pumps that can actively pump out excess fluid d. are smaller than those other cells and thus cannot handle large increases in volume e. have relatively more solutes
Based on your knowledge of basic geometric relationships, what is the actual surface area to volume ratio for Figure B
in the accompanying figure? a. 0.01 b. 0.06 c. 0.6 d. 100 e. 1,000
Which organisms are common soil decomposers that grow in colonies of branched chains of cells that superficially resemble a fungus?
A) actinomycetes B) cyanobacteria C) proteobacteria D) cocci