Interviews may be more or less formal. In highly formal interviews participants tend to stay closely within social and professional roles. They do little to acknowledge each other as unique individuals. Instead, the interviewer acts as the potential employer, the corrective supervisor, or whatever role is pertinent to the type of interview being conducted. The interviewee also acts from a defined
role: prospective employee, repentant subordinate, and so forth. The content of highly formal interviews tends to follow a standard format, often one that the interviewer has written to structure the interaction. Nonverbal communication provides further clues to formality: clothes, a formal meeting room, stilted postures, and a stiff handshake are all signs of formality. In contrast, informal interviews are more relaxed, personal, and flexible. The interviewer attempts to engage the interviewee as an individual, not just a person in a general role. In turn, the interviewee tends to communicate with the interviewer in more individualistic ways. Typically, informal interviews aren't as rigidly structured as formal interviews. The interviewer may have a list of standard topics (either memorized or written down), but those provide only guidelines, not a straightjacket for communication. Either participant may introduce unusual topics, and they may devote more time than planned to issues that arise. Informal interviews often include nonverbal cues such as smiling, relaxed postures, casual surroundings, and informal dress. The author suggests that
a. formal interviewers often deviate from prepared questions.
b. informal interviews may be less stressful than formal ones.
c. time frames may be of greater importance in informal interviews.
d. informal interviewers tend to treat all interviewees alike.
b
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Family violence and abuse prevention strategies are focused at three levels: the general population, specific groups thought to be at high risk for abuse, and families who have already experienced abuse. Public education and media campaigns aimed at the general population convey the criminal nature of domestic assault, suggest ways to prevent abuse (seek therapy for anger/jealousy/dependence),
and identify where abuse victims and perpetrators can get help. However, to prevent or reduce family violence through education, elements of American culture that contribute to such violence must change. For example, violence in the media must be curbed or eliminated, and traditional gender roles and views of women and children as property must be replaced with egalitarian gender roles and respect for women and children. Another cultural change is to reduce violence-provoking stress by reducing poverty and unemployment and by providing adequate housing, nutrition, medical care, and educational opportunities for everyone. Though programs such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) were not designed to prevent domestic violence and abuse, "they provide crucial assistance to low income families and thus support the functioning of these families." Integrating families into networks of community and kin would also enhance family well-being and provide support for families under stress. What social interventions are available for families that are already experiencing abuse or neglect? Abused women and children may seek relief at a shelter or a safe house for abused women. Shelters provide abused women and their children with housing, food, counseling services, legal assistance, employment assistance, and an environment that empowers women by encouraging them to make independent choices about their abusive relationships and about their future. Shelters also provide a communal living situation with other abused women, which reduces the sense of isolation and helps the women express their anger and overcome feelings of guilt and inadequacy. An alternative to shelters is a safe house, a private home of individuals who volunteer to provide temporary housing to abused women who decide to leave their violent homes. Battered men are not allowed to stay at women's shelters, but many shelters help abused men by providing money for a motel room, counseling, and support services. The last paragraph is organized by a. defining the term "safe house." b. discussing the effects of family violence. c. listing social interventions available to help abused women. d. listing the order of events in helping abused women.
Throughout your college career, the documentation style you will use on your essays will be determined by what?
a) your instructor c) your personal preference b) your field of study d) both (a) and (b)
All my aptitude tests __________a talent for business, but I want to study art
a. enable b. undermine c. berate d. indicate