The urban heat island steepens the environmental lapse rate, creating unstable conditions by
A. greatly cooling the ground surface with great heating further up in the atmosphere.
B. greatly heating the ground surface with less heating further up in the atmosphere.
C. greatly heating the ground surface and greatly heating the atmosphere further up.
D. greatly cooling the ground surface and greatly cooling the atmosphere further up.
Answer: B
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Which of the following is the shortest of the ultraviolet wavelengths and the wavelength responsible for the breakdown of ozone?
a. UV-D b. UV-C c. UV-A d. UV-B e. UV-E
U.S. coasts with gently sloping plains, such as those along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, are ________.
A. emergent B. shaped by organisms C. tectonic D. erosional E. depositional
The newly-formed Earth’s atmosphere was very different from Earth’s current atmosphere
because it had a. virtually no nitrogen, the major component of today’s atmosphere. b. an enormous amount of carbon dioxide, resulting in very hot temperatures due to greenhouse effect. c. virtually no oxygen, a necessary component for the existence of animal life. d. an enormous amount of methane and ammonia, which was never lost by the atmospheres of the outer planets. e. an abundance of mercury vapor
Boundaries between intervals of the geological time scale are determined by
A) dividing the time range of the interval by the number desired subdivisions, thereby creating equal intervals between the divisions. B) Major events in the Earth's history, such as major extinctions. C) using a quantile method whereby the number of years in each subdivision is determined by dividing the number of years by the desired number of classes. D) Climatic periods based on paleoclimatological reconstructions.