The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer are distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the client's anorexia and cachexia?
A)
Inadequate cellular metabolism of glucose results from tumor factors.
B)
High fat losses coupled with preservation of muscle mass exaggerate the appearance of wasting.
C)
Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia.
D)
Inadequate food intake due to symptoms and treatment results in loss of both muscle and fat.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
The mechanisms of anorexia-cachexia in cancer patients are multifactorial, involving factors that include a hypermetabolic state and the production of specific cytokines and catabolic factors by the tumor. Glucose metabolism itself is not noted to be affected by tumors, and muscle mass is lost in large amounts. The phenomenon is not necessarily attributable to the decrease in food intake.
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