Describe the four elements necessary for a causal relationship to exist.
What will be an ideal response?
A complete answer will demonstrate understanding of the ideas "correlation," "statistical association," "test of nonspuriousness," and mention that just because there is a known association between one behavior/condition and another does not mean that one causes the other.
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John Fuller has designed a pyramid of concepts that he believes constitutes peacemaking criminology; and the crucial concept that makes up the foundation of the pyramid is:
a. Nonviolence b. Inclusion c. Ascertainable criteria d. Correct means
Trucks carry 3/4 of the value of freight shipped in the United States
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
As compared to parametric statistics, nonparametric tests _____
a. are less powerful b. are more powerful c. have about the same power d. have unknown levels of power
State statutes that cause convicts to lose the right to vote, to hold public office, and even to marry are referred to as ______.
a. civil death statutes b. habeas corpus statutes c. slavery statutes d. culture of fear statutes