The nurse is assessing a client with suspected rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which musculoskeletal changes would contribute to a positive diagnosis of RA? Select all that apply
1. Ulnar deviation.
2. Bouchard nodes.
3. Heberden nodes.
4. Swan-neck deformity.
5. Symmetrical loss of function in extremities.
Correct Answer: 1, 4, 5
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition. The disease may impact multiple body systems. Symptoms of the condition include pain and inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis there is chronic inflammation of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints leading to ulnar deviation. Another manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis involves what are known as swan-neck contractures. These result when the proximal interphalangeal joints are hyperextended while the distal interphalangeal joints are fixed in flexion. The impact on the extremities is typically symmetrical in rheumatoid arthritis. The nodes that may appear on the fingers such as Bouchard and Heberden nodes are associated with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a condition of joint degeneration.
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