Many e-mail users receive annoying amounts of junk mail, or "spam." Experts recommend five ways to reduce the amount of spam in the in-box. First of all, an e-mail address should not be displayed in public. That includes in newsgroups, chat rooms, websites, or online services' membership directories. Second, computer users should check the privacy policy when they submit an address to a website
to see if it allows the company to sell the address. Opting out of this provision, if possible, or deciding not to submit an address at all to a website that won't protect it are both good ways to prevent spam. Using two e-mail addresses, one for personal messages and one for newsgroups and chat rooms, is a third way to cut down on spam. A separate, disposable e-mail address can forward e-mail to a permanent account. When one of the disposable addresses begins to receive spam, it can be shut off without affecting the permanent address. Fourth, experts recommend using a unique e-mail address. The choice of e-mail addresses may affect the amount of spam received because spammers use "dictionary attacks" to sort through possible name combinations at large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or e-mail services, hoping to find a valid address. Thus, a common name such as jdoe may get more spam than a more unique name like jd51x02oe. Fifth and finally, installing an e-mail filter can provide a tool to filter out potential spam or a way to channel spam into a bulk e-mail folder. These options should affect the choice of which ISP to use.
This paragraph was written for an audience of
A) people who send junk e-mail messages (spammers).
B) computer users.
C) people who market products.
B
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Bologna ha ____ famosa.
a. un museo b. una trattoria c. un'università
Democracy is found almost exclusively in the wealthier nations of the world. The key factor, however, is not the overall wealth of the nation but the way the wealth is distributed; democracy generally is found in nations that do not have extremes of income inequality. A large and relatively affluent middle class is especially important. Members of the middle class usually have sufficient social
and economic resources to organize effectively. Their economic power and organization enable them to hold the government accountable. Democracy also flourishes only in societies with many competing groups, each of which comprises less than a majority. In such a situation, no single group can win a majority of votes without negotiating with other groups. Since each group is a minority, safeguarding minority political groups protects everybody. Although democratic stability depends on competing interest groups, two additional conditions must be met. First, if minority political groups are so divided or ineffective that there is little chance they can win an election, the public may become disillusioned with the democratic process. Second, competing interest groups must share the same basic values. If they do not, they are not likely to be able to abide by the rules of the game. For example, fundamental differences between the values of Israelis who want peace with the Palestinians and the values of Israelis who do not, together with different values among different factions of Palestinians, make it difficult for democracy to thrive in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. In the second paragraph, flourishes means a. disappears. b. loses out. c. becomes successful. d. dies.
The noise of a wild party next door is an internal distraction
a. true b. false
GramáticaLa estafa (scam) ¿Qué puede pasar cuando nuestro teléfono celular se pierde? Lee la siguiente historia verdadera. Completa los espacios en blanco con por o para.La otra noche, a las diez (1) _____________ las nueve, mis abuelos recibieron una llamada telefónica. Era un muchacho que dijo que era su nieto Daniel y que (2) _____________ favor, lo ayudaran. La policía lo había arrestado (3) _____________ conducir intoxicado y necesitaba $500 (4) _____________ salir de la cárcel. No quería llamar a su padre (5) _____________ miedo de que se enojara mucho. (6) _____________ supuesto, mis abuelos no son tontos (7) _____________ nada. (8) _____________ eso llamaron inmediatamente al padre de Daniel, quien dijo que Daniel estaba (9) _____________ allí, en casa. El muchacho de
la llamada no era Daniel sino alguien que robó el teléfono celular de Daniel. (10) _____________ suerte, mis abuelos no cayeron en la estafa (weren't scammed).(2) Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).