Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?
A. bacteria
B. fungi
C. protozoa
D. viruses
E. mosquitoes
Answer: E
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The normal microbiota provides protection against potentially harmful organisms and stimulates the immune system. Why would the immune responses to members of the normal microbiota cross-react with pathogens?
A. Because one person's normal microbiota is another person's pathogen-when we pick up "normal" microbes from a different person, they will always cause infection within us. B. Because pathogens are oftentimes more virulent strains of our own normal microbial microbiota, so they will "look" roughly the same to our immune system (and be acted upon by our immune responses). C. Because the normal microbiota keeps the adaptive immune responses tuned up, active, and ready to respond to broad, general categories of microbes (i.e., Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative microbes, viruses, etc.). D. Because the immune system is a "use it or lose it" system. If it isn't used on a regular basis, we completely lose the ability to respond to pathogens. The normal microbiota keeps the system going so that it can be ready to respond to such pathogens when we're exposed to them.
Cells are small because cell size depends on environmental temperature. The higher the temperature, the smaller the cell.
a. true b. false
The Hardy-Weinberg relationship cannot be used to compute allele frequencies when one or more alleles are recessive
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has
A) tuberculosis. B) influenza. C) pneumococcal pneumonia. D) mycoplasmal pneumonia. E) the common cold.