Raynaud's disease is a common disorder among young women
a. What are the signs and symptoms of Raynaud's disease?
b. What diagnostic findings are used to confirm diagnosis?
c. What is the nursing management for this disorder?
Students' answers should include the following:
a. Included in the discussion should be the spasms of the arteries in the fingers, toes, nose, ears, and chin, which last about 15 minutes. Attacks are usually after exposure to cold; numbness and tingling also may occur. Ischemia, pallor, pain, blanching of affected body part, with normality between attacks occur in early stages. When the disease is severe, cyanosis occurs, ulcers and gangrene may appear, healing is slow, and infections often occur.
b. Diagnosis is made through confirmation of symptoms only. No laboratory test to confirm.
c. Included in the discussion should be the avoidance of frequency of attacks, vasoconstriction occurs from smoking, use of vasodilators and Procardia, and that IV prostaglandin E provides temporary relief. Amputations of gangrenous areas are done.
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