What, in terms of Earth systems, forms an essential interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere?

A. soil
B. ferromagnesian minerals
C. quartz
D. oxides of iron and aluminum
E. chert


Answer: A

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

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Which of the following is essential for lake-effect snow to occur near the Great Lakes?

A. cold water B. open water C. warm air D. ice-covered water

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The crude birth rate minus the crude death rate equals the rate of natural population increase or decrease. 2. Immigration or emigration can change the population of a country despite natural increase. 3. All nations have their own state. 4. In Asia and Africa, illiteracy among women is still much higher than among men.

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

Where do most shield volcanoes form—on the ocean floor or on the continents?

What will be an ideal response?

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

In terms of the periodic table, is there an abrupt or gradual change between ionic and covalent bonds?

A. There is a gradual change: the farther apart, the more ionic. B. Actually, any element of the periodic table can form a covalent bond. C. Whether an element forms one or the other depends on nuclear charge and not the relative positions in the periodic table. D. There is an abrupt change that occurs across the metalloids.

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences