Imagine a hypothetical study using a nonequivalent comparison group designed to assess the effectiveness of an anti-drug, "Just Say No," campaign. In this study students at school X receive a semester-long series of "Just Say No" lectures
Students at school Y across town do not receive the intervention. Unfortunately, during the semester a student at school Y died after an accidental drug overdose. This incident may have influenced drug use at school Y (but not school X) and consequently make it impossible to interpret our research findings. Which of the following threats to internal validity is present in this study?
a. selection-instrumentation
b. selection-maturation
c. selection-history
d. selection-testing
C
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The 1991 "Ethics Bill" provided for all but which one of the following?
a. Limits the amount of food, gifts, and entertainment lobbyists can furnish legislators b. Creates an Ethics Commission to hold hearings on complaints of improper behavior c. Requires lobbyists to report the name of each legislator on whom they spend more than $50 d. Bans the use of campaign contributions for living expenses e. Allows the Ethics Commission to refer ethics violations to the Travis County district attorney
After the events of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush sought out legislation that eventually became the __________, which increased government surveillance powers to investigate espionage and terrorism.
A. USA Patriot Act B. No Child Left Behind Act C. Department of Homeland Security D. Interagency Working Group on Federalism
The Federal Constitutional Court in Germany operates with the feature of judicial secrecy. This means that
a. The names of jurists are kept strictly hidden from the public. b. The author of majority decisions is withheld from the public. c. The court refuses to admit eighty-five percent of decisions submitted to it, without giving any reasoning. d. No cameras or reporters are admitted into the courtroom. e. All of the above are elements of German judicial secrecy.
What were the key weaknesses of the confederal system under the Articles of Confederation?
What will be an ideal response?