Researchers studied alcohol recovery, comparing the success rate using 1) Alcoholics Anonymous, 2) residence in a recovery house, 3) residence in alcohol rehabilitation, and 4) individual psychotherapy
They measured sobriety at 18 months post treatment initiation. What study design was used for this research project?
a. Factorial design
b. Predictive correlational design
c. Crossover strategy
d. Classic experimental design
ANS: B
Predictive designs are used to predict the value of one variable on the basis of values obtained from another variable or variables. Prediction is one approach used to examine causal relationships between variables. In a factorial design, two or more different characteristics, treatments, or events are independently varied within a single study. This design is a logical approach to examining multicausality. Crossover, or counterbalancing, is a strategy designed to guard against possible erroneous conclusions resulting from carryover effects. With counterbalancing, subjects are randomly assigned to a specific sequencing of treatment conditions. This approach distributes the carryover effects equally throughout all the conditions of the study, thus canceling them out. The original, or classic, experimental design, is still the most commonly used experimental design. In this design, subjects are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups, and an intervention is enacted upon them by the researcher.
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