Which of the following conditions would result in an increased release of renin?
a. Increased release of angiotensin I
b. Increased release of angiotensin II
c. Increased amount of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule
d. Reduced pressure in the glomerulus
D
Renin is released in response to reduced pressure in the glomerulus, sympathetic stimulation of the kidneys, and a decrease in the amount of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule. Renin is converted to angiotensin I, which is converted to the powerful vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone, which acts on the distal tubules to resorb sodium from the tubular lumen into the circulation. When sodium is retained, so is water. Angiotensin II also constricts the renal vasculature, reducing kidney blood flow and available glomerular filtrate, sending a signal to the posterior pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone. The two systems intertwine to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
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