Reasons to conduct an exact replication include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. A different sample is used in the replication, because subjects seldom elect to undergo the same surgical procedure twice.
b. The same site is again used, in order to decrease variation.
c. Sample size was adequate, the design was strong, and measurements were robust.
d. Validation of the truthfulness of the original subjects' responses is desired.
e. A similar population is used, in order to verify the findings.
ANS: B, C, D
Four different types of replication are important in generating sound scientific knowledge for nursing: (1) exact, (2) approximate, (3) concurrent, and (4) systematic extension. An exact (or identical) replication involves duplicating the initial researcher's study to confirm the original findings. All conditions of the original study must be maintained. Exact replications might be thought of as ideal to confirm original study findings, but these are frequently not attainable. In addition, one would not want to replicate the errors in an original study, such as small sample size, weak design, or poor-quality measurement methods.
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