Using such elements as sidewalks, landscaping, and porches to help distinguish between public and private areas is which problem-solving approach?
a. Natural access control c. Territorial reinforcement
b. Natural surveillance d. Target hardening
c
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The goals of hostage negotiation are to
a. open communication lines and reduce stress and tension. b. build rapport, obtain intelligence, and stall for time. c. allow hostage takers to express emotion, and establish a problem-solving atmosphere d. All of the above
In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court establish the "malicious and sadistic" standard for deciding excessive force claims?
A. Wolff v. McDonnell (1974) B. Cooper v. Pate (1964) C. Hudson v. McMillan (1992) D. Whitley v. Albers (1986)
When a subject is armed and poses a serious and immediate threat to an officer, which of the following would be the highest level of force allowed?
A. deadly force B. use of “less-likely-to-be-useful” weapons C. verbal commands D. bodily force
In 2013, the media actively promoted a moral panic referred to as the that involved alleged random black-on-white assaults for fun.
a. Assault game b. Hit game c. Knockout game d. None of the above