Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period. What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider: Absolute refractory period--during the time in which an axon
membrane is depolarized, it cannot relay another neural impulse no matter how strong of a
stimulus is applied. Voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated. Relative refractory
period--time when sodium channels are at reset. Axon can transmit impulses, but the
threshold level is higher.
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In the United States, individuals become infected with Vibrio cholerae most commonly by
A) consuming contaminated shellfish. B) drinking contaminated water. C) eating contaminated vegetables. D) person-to-person contact.
Let Y1i be the output for factory i when it receives a new machine, and let Y0i be the output for factory i when it does not receive a new machine. Also let Yi be the realized output for factory i and let Di be a binary variable that equals one if factory i actually received a new machine. If the company's headquarters randomly assigns new machines to a subset of the company's factories, this ensures:
A. E(Yi|Di = 0) - E(Yi|Di = 1) = E(Y1i - Y0i) B. E(Yi|Di = 1) - E(Yi|Di = 0) = E(Y1i - Y0i) C. E(Yi|Di = 1) = E(Yi|Di = 0) D. E(Yi|Di = 1) = E(Y1i - Y0i)
Which of the following biomes is characterized by little rainfall, permafrost, and an average temperature below 0°C?
A. desert B. taiga C. temperate deciduous forest D. grasslands E. tundra
Genetic drift should have a bigger effect on the evolution of small populations.
a. true b. false