Criminal laws that are retroactively applied to those who engaged in activities when they were not yet illegal are called
a. backdoor laws.
b. fascist laws.
c. civil subpoenas.
d. bill of attainder.
e. ex post facto laws.
ANS: E
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Which of the following is NOT true about India's interest groups and social movements? a. Although they are highly fragmented, labor unions have occasionally played a major role in Indian politics. b. There has never been any government effort to restrict the activities of social movements and organizations in India. c. In India, organizations associated with the religious right sometimes
form tactical alliances with left-wing organizations. d. Most Indian social movements have increasingly ceased to focus on poverty and class inequality. e. Many Indian social movements have developed close relationships with the state and have become engaged in electoral politics.
According to pluralism, bargaining among organized groups and also between these groups and various parts of the governmentresults in a series of compromises thatbecome________
a. another series of compromises b. an injunction c. public policy d. a consensus e. a landmark decision
The first American Constitution created a confederation, which can best be described as which of the following?
A. a highly centralized governmental system in which the national government derives broad authority directly from the citizens rather than from the states B. a highly decentralized governmental system in which the national government derives limited authority from the states rather than directly from the citizens C. a parliamentary system heavily reliant on party discipline D. a presidential system featuring a very strong executive with broad police powers
Of the following groups, which is most underrepresented in Congress?
a. African Americans b. whites c. Hispanics d. women.