A patient consents to having a cardiac catheterization and willingly permits the nurse to draw blood and measure vital signs before the procedure. The patient's permitting the actions of the nurse would be considered as which of the following?
1. Implied consent
2. Informed consent
3. Emergency doctrine
4. Acceptance
Implied consent
Rationale: Implied consent is consent that may be inferred by the patient's conduct or that may legally be presumed in emergency situations. Many patients hold out their arm and roll up their sleeve when the nurse approaches with a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff. This is an example of implied consent because a reasonable person would infer by the patient's action that the patient is consenting to the procedure. Informed consent means the patient received information needed to make a knowledgeable decision about a medical procedure or treatment; there is no information in the scenario about the patient's receiving the information. Emergency doctrine is when consent for treatment is implied and delaying care would result in the loss of life or limb. Acceptance is not a concept of consent.
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