Which of the following organisms is a multi-celled producer?
a. an oak tree
b. Candida, a pathogenic fungus
c. E. coli, a common intestinal bacterium
d. a Siberian tiger
e. an archaeon on the seafloor
ANSWER: a
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Many receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways lead to the activation of Ras. To activate Ras, it is necessary to recruit a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to the plasma membrane, because Ras is a membrane associated protein. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors, such as SOS, stimulate the exchange of GDP for GTP. However, SOS cannot bind directly to most RTKs. The protein Grb2 has a domain that
can bind to phosphorylated tyrosines, and another domain that can bind to SOS. Therefore, Grb2 can bind to active RTKs and recruit SOS to the plasma membrane. Grb2 is an example of what kind of signaling molecule? A. Scaffold B. Adapter protein C. Second messenger D. Enzyme
Alfred Wallace
a. conducted extensive fieldwork in the Amazon River Basin. b. wrote letters to Darwin and Lyell about patterns in the geographic distribution of species. c. is known as the “father of biogeography.” d. independently formulated a theory of natural selection. e. did all of these.
The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is:
a. heat. b. glucose. c. carbohydrates. d. lipids. e. the sun.
You have control over the ______ movements
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).