Which of the following results of generalization testing following discrimination learning in Exercises 40, 42, and 44 demonstrated behavioral contrast?
a. The fact that both the tone-on S+ (Exercise 40) and tone-on S- (Exercise 42) generalization gradients were centered at 2.0 KHz (the stimulus used in training)
b. The fact that the tone-on S+ generalization gradient (Exercise 40) had its maximum at 2.0 kHz and the tone-on S- gradient (Exercise 42) had its minimum at the same point on the x-axis
c. The fact that the maximum of the S+/S- generalization gradient (Exercise 44) was higher than that of the tone-on S+ gradient (Exercise 40)
d. The fact that the maximum of the S+/S- generalization gradient (Exercise 44) was displaced to the left of the tone-on S+ gradient (Exercise 40), that is, toward the lower frequencies
c. The fact that the maximum of the S+/S- generalization gradient (Exercise 44) was higher than that of the tone-on S+ gradient (Exercise 40)
Answer feedback: The phenomenon of behavioral contrast appears in the fact that the peak of the S+S- gradient in Lesson 44 was higher than that of the tone-on S+ gradient in Lesson 40. However, the phenomenon appears in pigeons but not necessarily in real rats that learn to discriminate between tones of different frequencies.
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