A client with a history of hypertension, is diagnosed with chronic renal disease. When the client asks the nurse how this occurred, which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?
A) "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."
B) "Cysts compress renal tissue that destroys the kidneys causing this diagnosis."
C) "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue causing this diagnosis."
D) "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue that causes inflammation causing this diagnosis."
Answer: C
Longstanding hypertension leads to sclerosis and narrowing of renal arterioles and small arteries with subsequent reduction of blood flow. This leads to ischemia, glomerular destruction, and tubular atrophy. Diabetic nephropathy causes renal failure by thickening and sclerosis of the glomerular basement membrane and the glomerulus with a gradual destruction of nephrons. Polycystic kidney disease causes renal failure by multiple bilateral cysts gradually compressing renal tissue, impairing renal perfusion and leading to ischemia, which damages and destroys normal kidney tissue. Systemic lupus erythematosus causes renal failure by the formation of immune complexes in the capillary basement membrane, which lead to inflammation and sclerosis
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